New Sarum The Great West Front of Salisbury Cathedral Minster Street, c. After this arrest, the castle at Old Sarum was allowed to fall into disrepair, but the sheriff and castellan continued to administer the area under the king's authority. He refurbished and expanded Old Sarum's cathedral in the 1110s and began work on a royal palace during the 1130s, prior to his arrest by Henry's successor, Stephen. Bishop Roger was a close ally of Henry I (reigned 1100–1135): he served as viceroy during the king's absence in Normandy and directed, along with his extended family, the royal administration and exchequer. The cathedral was consecrated on 5 April 1092 but suffered extensive damage in a storm, traditionally said to have occurred only five days later. 1070–1078) he was responsible for the codification of the Sarum Rite, the compilation of the Domesday Book, which was probably presented to William at Old Sarum, and, after centuries of advocacy from Salisbury's bishops, was finally canonised by Pope Callixtus III in 1457. Osmund served as Lord Chancellor of England (in office c. Herman and his successor, Saint Osmund, began the construction of the first Salisbury cathedral, though neither lived to see its completion in 1092. In 1055, Herman had planned to move his seat to Malmesbury, but its monks and Earl Godwin objected. In 1075 the Council of London established Herman as the first bishop of Salisbury, uniting his former sees of Sherborne and Ramsbury into a single diocese which covered the counties of Dorset, Wiltshire, and Berkshire. The castle was held directly by the Norman kings its castellan was generally also the sheriff of Wiltshire. Following the Norman invasion of 1066, a motte-and-bailey castle was constructed by 1070. It subsequently became the site of Wilton's mint. Along with Wilton, however, it was abandoned by its residents to be sacked and burned by the Dano- Norwegian king Sweyn Forkbeard in 1003. Preferring settlements in bottomland, such as nearby Wilton, the Saxons largely ignored Old Sarum until the Viking invasions led King Alfred (King of Wessex from 871 to 899) to restore its fortifications. At the time of the Saxon invasions, Old Sarum fell to King Cynric of Wessex in 552. The Romans may have occupied the site or left it in the hands of an allied tribe. During the Iron Age, sometime between 600 and 300 BC, a hillfort ( oppidum) was constructed around it. It commanded a salient between the River Bourne and the Hampshire Avon, near a crossroads of several early trade routes. The hilltop at Old Sarum lies near the Neolithic sites of Stonehenge and Avebury and shows some signs of early settlement. Main articles: Old Sarum, Old Sarum Cathedral, and Old Sarum Castle A reconstruction of Old Sarum in the 12th century Salisbury viewed from Old Sarum Cair-Caratauc, one of the 28 cities listed in the History of the Britons, has also been identified with Salisbury. Salisbury appeared in the Welsh Chronicle of the Britons as Caer-Caradog, Caer-Gradawc, and Caer-Wallawg. The form "Sarum" is a Latinization of Sar, a medieval abbreviation for Middle English Sarisberie. The first part of the name is of obscure origin. The Brittonic suffix -dūnon, meaning "fortress" (in reference to the fort that stood at Old Sarum), was replaced by its Old English equivalent -burg. The name Salisbury, which is first recorded around the year 900 as Searoburg ( dative Searobyrig), is a partial translation of the Roman Celtic name Sorbiodūnum. Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is 8 miles (13 kilometres) north-west of Salisbury. Salisbury railway station is an interchange between the West of England Main Line and the Wessex Main Line. This continued to be its official name until 2009, when Salisbury City Council was established. A new cathedral was built near the meeting of the rivers and a settlement grew up around it, which received a city charter in 1227 as New Sarum. An ancient cathedral was north of the present city at Old Sarum. Salisbury is in the south-east of Wiltshire, near the edge of Salisbury Plain. The city is approximately 20 miles (30 kilometres) from Southampton and 30 miles (50 kilometres) from Bath. Salisbury ( locally / ˈ s ɔː z b( ə) r i/ SAWZ-b(ə-)ree) is a cathedral city in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers Avon, Nadder, and Bourne.
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